Over the last 500 years humans have gone from seeing a man in the moon to seeing a man on the moon. This phenomenal advance in collective learning has taken place thanks in large part to a group of strategies which have come to be referred to as The Scientific Method. If humankind has made so much progress by using the Scientific Method, then why not teach all our children to use it at an early age rather than waiting until high school or college to teach a few who are fast-tracked into science and technology careers. If we have made this much progress with a few humans using these strategies, then what will our collective learning curve look like if we are all trained to make science discoveries and/or to appreciate the discoveries of others?

Tuesday, February 26, 2008

Diffusion

OBJECTIVE: SWBAT compare and contrast diffusion in a liquid and in a gas.


REFERENCE: http://www.biologylessons.sdsu.edu/classes/lab1/lab1.html


MATERIALS: Map of the the classroom. Grid paper. 1 beaker of water for each group. 1 drop of food coloring for each beaker. Strong smelling substance such as perfume.

VOCABULARY: Diffusion:

OPENING:

CHALLENGE: Observe a drop of dye diffuse in a beaker of water. Record your observations usng words and drawings.

MINILESSON:

1. Have students share their observations.
2. Display the Word Diffusion and its Definition.
3. Say: You observed one liquid diffusing through another liquid. You were able to see the dye move through the water. One gas can also diffuse through another gas, but if both gases are transparent, then you can't see it happening. How can we observe and record a process that we cannot see?
4. Say: I am going to open a bottle of perfume. The perfume molecules will slowly move through the room. You won't be able to see them, but you will be able to smell them. We are going to record the movement of the molcules on a map of the class. We will write down the time at which I open the bottle, and then you record the time at which the smell reaches your location.
5. Hand out the map of the classroom with grid lines. Display a large map of the classroom with grid lines. Have students find their place on the map.


WORK PERIOD

Students write the time they smell the perfume on their map. And then come to the front of the class and write on the time they sensed the perfume on the large map at the front of the classroom.

SHARE

Students record the times at which other students sensed the perfume and draw isolines connecting similar times.

Sunday, February 24, 2008

Week of February 25

AMERCIA’S CHOICE WORKSHOP MODEL LESSON PLAN FORMAT FOR A 45 MINUTE LESSON

MINILESSON/OPENING: 5 to 10 minutes--Teacher Introduces Objective of the Day to Whole Class
WORK PERIOD: 15 to 20 minutes--Students Work in Small Groups to meet the Objective of the Day.
SHARE: (Whole Group) 10 to 15 minutes--Teacher Leads a Class Discussion and Assesses if the Students have met the Objective of the Day.

THIS FORMAT MUST BE FOLLOWED FOR EVERY SINGLE LESSON WITHOUT EXCEPTION, AND I MUST FOLLOW THE SCRIPTED LESSON EXACTLY AS I HAVE WRITTEN IT.

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MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2008--All Classes have 45 minute periods.

OBJECTIVE: SWBAT:

Organize their 2nd marking period work into portfolios and reflect on their work.

OPENING/MINILESSON (5 minutes)

1. Hand out 11 x 17 paper. Have students fold in half and place their names and class on the front.
2. Hand out major projects and tests.
3. Go over questions for reflection. Ask students to answer them on a piece of looseleaf paper after organizing their work in chronological order.
Which portfolio piece would you most like to show their parents?
Which project did you enjoy the most?
Which project did you enjoy the least?
What can you do to improve your science portfolio for the 3rd marking period?
How can your teacher help you?
How can your parents help you?


WORK PERIOD

1. Students receive their projects and tests and organize them into portfolios.
2. Students reflect on the questions, discuss the answers with their group members if they wish, and write their answers on the looseleaf.


SHARE

1. Elicit a list of the students’ accomplishments that are represented in the portfolio. Write them on the board.
2. Ask students to share some of their answers to the Reflection questions.

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TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2008

802 –90 minutes, 805—45 minutes 807—90 minutes

OBJECTIVE: SWBAT: Investigate the properties of water: cohesion and adhesion.


REFERENCE: http://www.biologylessons.sdsu.edu/classes/lab1/lab1.html

Adhesion: The sticking together of molecules of different substances, such as water adhering to paper.

Capillary action - the tendency of a liquid substance to move along the surface of solid substance due to adhesion (as in water climbing a glass tube or inside a tree), even in spite of gravitational or other forces acting in the opposite direction

Cohesion: The tendency of like molecules to be attracted to one another, as occurs with polar water molecules such molecules form a highly dynamic structure involving many rapidly breaking and forming hydrogen bonds; water has high cohesion, enough so that insects can walk on water.

Polarity- possessing two opposed poles; a characteristic of molecules which have unequal distributions of charge; water is polar because the oxygen has a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atoms each have a partial positive charge; polar molecules interact with other polar and charged molecules and ions.

Surface Tension- the tendency of molecules of a liquid to stick together at the surface, as occurs with water due to its polarity and hydrogen bonding; a special case of cohesion


MATERIALS:
For the teacher: Overhead projector, chart paper, or hand-outs displaying vocabulary, definitions, and helpful diagrams.

For students: bowls of water, paper clips, graduated cylinders, filter paper, red food coloring

OPENING CHALLENGE: (5 to 15 minutes)

1. Challenge students to make a paper clip float on water in a time limit of 5 min.
2. Hand out containers of water and paper clips.
3. At the end of 5 min, congratulate the group or groups that were successful. Invite students to repeat the challenge at home (with parental permission) and reduce the amount of time needed.
4. Have each group return the paper clips and water. Tell students that they will be doing more experiments with water after the minilesson.

MINILESSON: (10 to 30 minutes)

1. Ask students if they know why they are able to float a paper clip on water.
2. Display the word SURFACE TENSION and its definition.
3. Display the words ADHESION AND COHESION on the board.
4. Ask students what these words mean to them.
5. Circle the prefixes AD and CO. Does anyone know what these prefixes mean? (AD = to, toward) (CO = together).
6. Display the definitions of ADHESION AND COHESION and diagrams to illustrate the definitions.
7. Remind students that water molecules are have POLARITY, and stick to each other like little magnets.
8. Elicit from students how the properties of adhesion and cohesion affected the sand in their last experiment: How does water affect the stability of a slope? (In the beginning, the sand grains stuck together because of cohesion and adhesion. Then, the amount of water became so great that it broke the sand part.
9. Ask students to compare and contrast the challenge of today with the experiment with the water and sand. Which one was a controlled experiment? Which was not? Why?
10. Show students how to place filter paper in a graduated cylinder containing 10 ml of colored water. Ask them if they can predict whether adhesion and cohesion will allow the water to overcome gravity and climb the filter paper (CAPILLARY ACTION). Students write their hypothesis in their journals. Show students filter paper that has been in 10 mL of colored water. Does the data support their hypothesis? Display CAPILLARY ACTION and its definition. What variables might affect CAPILLARY ACTION? ( width of the paper, length of the paper, amount of food coloring, amount of water).

WORK PERIOD (20 to 30 minutes)

1. Each group writes a problem and a hypothesis.
2. They get the materials from the teacher after showing the hypothesis.
3. They perform the experiment.
4. They write problem, hypothesis, and variables on chart paper.


SHARE (10 to 30 minutes)

Have each group report the variable that they tested and the results.

DAPHNE’S PROBLEMS WITH THE WORKSHOP MODEL:

1. If a supervisor walks into my classroom during the first five minutes of the period, he/she will not see me giving a whole-group minilesson, because I have placed a challenge at the beginning of the period. (Depending on the class and the engagement of the students, I might extend the challenge to ten minutes).
2. If a supervisor walks into my classroom twenty to thirty minutes into the period, he/she will see me giving a minilesson.
3. By now, the class that has only 45 minutes needs to get their homework assignment and pack up. What do we share?
4. The classes that have 90 minutes can continue into the work period, but may not finish designing and carrying out their experiment until the end of the period. They may not be ready to share by the end of the period. If the supervisor walks in at the end of the period and sees students cleaning up, but no share, the lesson is considered to be unsatisfactory.
5. The share might need to be postponed until the next day. In that case it will take place during the time that is supposed to be the minilesson and work period. So a supervisor that expects to see a work period will see a group presentation instead.

I am going to teach this lesson sequentially, because I don’t know how to adapt it to the workshop model time frame. ANY IDEAS?????????????

Groups and Classes will take different amounts of time to complete each segment. ANY IDEAS ON HOW TO DIFFERENTIATE ??????????

Wednesday— DIFFUSION and OSMOSIS --same format as COHESION/ADHESION
Thursday—Parent/Teachers Conference—Half Day

Friday: DIFFUSION AND OSMOSIS continued.

Wednesday, February 13, 2008

LESSON PLANS FOR FEBRUARY 14 AND 15

AMERCIA’S CHOICE WORKSHOP MODEL LESSON PLAN FORMAT FOR A 45 MINUTE LESSON

MINILESSON/OPENING: 5 to 10 minutes--Teacher Introduces Objective of the Day to Whole Class
WORK PERIOD: 15 to 20 minutes--Students Work in Small Groups to meet the Objective of the Day.
SHARE: (Whole Group) 10 to 15 minutes--Teacher Leads a Class Discussion and Assesses if the Students have met the Objective of the Day.

THIS FORMAT MUST BE FOLLOWED FOR EVERY SINGLE LESSON WITHOUT EXCEPTION, AND I MUST FOLLOW THE SCRIPTED LESSON EXACTLY AS I HAVE WRITTEN IT.

LESSON 1


MINILESSON/OPENING


OBJECTIVE: (Strategy + Curriculum/Content + Application)

SWBAT: Given a project idea and hypothesis, write the independent variable, dependent variable, constant variables, materials, and procedure. (IS THIS OBJECTIVE STATED CORRECTLY???????)

PURPOSE/RATIONALE:
Good Writers/Good Readers (I DON'T UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF "GOOD WRITERS/GOOD READERS AND HOW THIS WORKS INTO AN INQUIRY LESSON)

LINK TO PREVIOUS LESSON:

(SAY) "You have turned in many extraordinary lab reports. A science project is just a glorified lab report. It contains all the parts of a lab report. In fact, you must hand in your science project in lab report format before you place it on the science board. During the vacation, you are going to decide which experiment you will do for your exit project. You may complete the experiment if you like, but do NOT put it on the board. Hand in to me a LAB REPORT of your project. I will DEFINITELY have suggestions to make before you place it on the board. (IDEAS FOR BETTER WORDING?????)


EXPLICIT TEACHING/MODEL:
(SAY) One of the hardest parts about the science project is identifying the variables and planning the procedure. Today we are going to practice doing just that. I am going to read to you an experiment and you are going to figure out the independent variable, dependent variable, and controlled variables, materials, and procedure. (IDEAS FOR BETTER WORDING????)

(DISPLAY) GUIDING QUESTIONS: What is the independent variable? How will you measure it? What is the dependent variable? How will you measure it? What other variables need to be controlled? What things will you need to observe? How will you take measurements? Where will you record your data? Who will collect the data? When will you collect the data? What sequence of events must occur?


ACTIVE ENGAGEMENT/TRY IT OUT:

SAY: Let’s practice before we go off and work by ourselves.
READ: paper towel experiment from BIG 8 Review. Agree on variables and a simple procedure.

STATUS OF THE CLASS/SOLIDIFY

WORK PERIOD: (Differentiated by CONTENT /PROCESS /PRODUCT /ASSESSMENT)
Read “Sample Experiment 1" In BIG 8 REVIEW p20

Students work in groups to answer the guiding questions: What is the independent variable? How will you measure it? What is the dependent variable? How will you measure it? What other variables need to be controlled? What things will you need to observe? How will you take measurements? Where will you record your data? Who will collect the data? When will you collect the data? What sequence of events must occur?

(I DON'T UNDERSTAND HOW TO TEACH THIS LESSON DIFFERENTLY TO 8 DIFFERENT GROUPS. CAN ANYONE HELP???)

GROUP 1
GROUP 2
GROUP 3
GROUP 4
GROUP 5
GROUP 6
GROUP 7
GROUP 8

Differentiation: Give more attention to some groups ??????????

CLOSING/SUMMARY

SHARE: Each group shares its plan with the rest of the class.

Process ( WHAT DO THEY MEAN BY PROCESS???????)
Content (WHAT DO THEY MEAN BY CONTENT ?????????)


HOMEWORK: (Differentiated)
807 and 808 Unit 1 pp 4-15 All Checks on odd pages.
802, 805, 806, page 9 – 42 Apply to your science project.





PROBLEMS WITH THIS LESSON: SOME CLASSES/GROUPS FINISHED IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM, HYPOTHESIS, INDEPDENDENT VARIABLE, DEPENDENT VARIABLE, CONSTANTS, MATERIALS, AND PROCEDURES. OTHER CLASSES/GROUPS DID NOT FINISH. WHEN SOME GROUPS FINISH BEFORE OTHER GROUPS IN THE SAME CLASS, I HAVE BEEN TOLD THAT THE TEACHER HAS NOT DIFFERENTIATED CORRECTLY. CAN ANYONE SUGGEST HOW I SHOULD HAVE DIFFERENTIATED SO THAT EVERYONE IN THE CLASS FINISHES AT THE EXACTLY THE SAME TIME?????????

ACCORDING TO AMERICA'S CHOICE WORKSHOP MODEL, IF A CLASS DOES NOT MEET THE OBJECTIVE THAT I HAVE STATED, THEN I HAVE NOT PLANNED CORRECTLY. ONE OF MY CLASSES WAS ONLY ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE VARIABLES. THEY DIDN'T GET AS FAR AS PLANNING THE MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE. THE FACT THAT THE WHOLE CLASS DOES NOT MEET THE STATED OBJECTIVE IS CONSIDERED TO BE A FAILURE TO PLAN APPROPRIATELY ON THE PART OF THE TEACHER. HOW CAN I WRITE MY PLANS SO THAT STATED OBJECTIVE IS MET BY ALL CLASSES AND ALL STUDENTS????????????

LESSON 2
GUIDING FORMAT QUESTIONS:
What is it I want my students to know or be able to do?
I want my students to become familiar with the criteria for a successful science report.


MINILESSON/OPENING

OBJECTIVE: (Strategy + Curriculum/Content + Application)

SWBAT: Establish criteria for a good science project.
PURPOSE/RATIONALE: Good Writers/Good Readers… (I don’t understand this part of America’s Choice Workshop Model)


LINK TO PREVIOUS LESSON: Yesterday….

SAY: You have turned in many extraordinary lab reports. A science project is just a glorified lab reports. It contains all the parts of a lab report. In fact, you must hand in your science project in lab report format before you place it on the science board.

EXPLICIT TEACHING/MODEL: Today….

SAY: Today, we will agree on the criteria for a good report and apply it to "Joan's experiment" on page 23 of the Big 8 Review:.

ACTIVE ENGAGEMENT/TRY IT OUT:
Let’s practice before we go off and work by ourselves.

Let’s go over the criteria for a good science report. How can the report be turned into a science fair project?

STATUS OF THE CLASS/SOLIDIFY
WORK PERIOD: (Differentiated by CONTENT PROCESS PRODUCT ASSESSMENT)

Assign each group one part of the science project.
Group 1 PROBLEM
Group 2 HYPOTHESIS
Group 3 VARIABLES
Group 4 MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE
Group 5 DATA TABLE AND GRAPH
Group 6 CONCLUSION
Group 7 SOURCES OF ERROR
Group 8 VOCABUALRY


CLOSING/SUMMARY

Collect each part and critique according to the criteria for success. Arrange in science project format.
SHARE: (Process and Content)

Process Content




HOMEWORK: (Differentiated)

Write up the lab report for the lab “How does water affect erosion”



NEXT STEPS:



________________Workshop ????????


________________Workshop ?????????